Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma: A Clinicoradiologic Study of 17 Cases Representing the Pathologic Spectrum of the Disease

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare infantile renal tumor with a generally excellent prognosis. We describe 17 tumors that fit into the pathologic spectrum of CMN proposed by Beckwith, which ranges from benign renal tumors, through atypical “gray zone” lesions of more aggressive potential, to “crossover” tumors akin to clear cell sarcoma of kidney. Nine patients with histologically typical CMN were significantly younger and had smaller tumors than did eight patients with atypical CMN. Clinical features did not differ in the two groups of patients. A distinctive “ring sign” on renal sonography was commonly seen in patients with typical intrarenal CMN. All 17 patients were alive with no evidence of disease at a mean follow-up of 10 years. Nephrectomy was adequate therapy for younger infants and for those with typical CMN. Nephrectomy was probably also adequate therapy for infants 3 months of age or younger with atypical CMN, even if the tumor extended to the surgical resection margins and into the perinephric connective tissues. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation or both should be reserved for patients older than 3 months who have grossly unresected tumors and for those patients whose fumors have an unequivocally malignant histologic appearance or evidence of aggressive biologic behavior.