Characterization of the Phenomenon of Soil Crusting and Sealing in the Andean Hillsides of Colombia: Physical and Chemical Constraints

Soil degradation is increasing around the globe, bringing challenges that demand an investigation of influencing factors. This study investigates the new degradation phenomenon of soil crusting and sealing on volcanic Inceptisols in Andean hillsides. Crusting and sealing are commonly accepted soil deterioration factors that create unstable surface conditions and soil erosion. On an Inceptisol in Santander de Quilichao in Colombia, field trials were conducted on existing erosion run-off plots using Cassava as the main crop. During the investigation, field samplings and analyses were taken of: penetration, shear strength, infiltration and cassava yield. Results from penetration and shear strength measurements clearly showed chicken manure's significant influence on soil structure. Chicken manure generally led to structural constraints. In addition, chicken manure plots displayed a reduction of infiltration. This strengthens the hypothesis that inappropriate fertilizer management is one of the key factors of structural deterioration on Inceptisols in the Andean environment. Further research is necessary to find out sustainable soil treatments in Andean hillside farming.