Regeneration of ethyl parathion antibodies for repeated use in immunosensor: a study on dissociation of antigens from antibodies

Abstract Reliable analysis using an immunosensor strongly depends on the specificity, activity, and sensitivity of the antibody. Immobilization of antibody on the solid matrix enables its repeated use, for which it is required to dissociate the antigens and antigen–enzyme conjugate from the immobilized antibody matrix after each use and while doing so, a maximum retention of activity and specificity are crucial requirements. In the present investigation, on the development of an immunosensor for the organophosphorus pesticide ethyl parathion (EP) using EP antibodies, different dissociating agents such as organic solvents, detergents and acidic buffers, that is, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), Tween-20, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), methanol, chloroform, guanidium chloride (GdmCl), glycine–HCl (Gly–HCl) buffer in the pH range of 1.5–3.0, pierce buffer and combination of DMSO and methanol in phosphate buffer and Gly–HCl buffer and salts like NaCl and MgCl 2 were used. Generally about 50–60% dissociation was obtained with some degree of denaturation of the antibody immobilized on the sepharose matrix. However, 1% DMSO in combination with 0.2 M Gly–HCl buffer at a pH of 2.3 showed 97% dissociation and the immobilized antibody retained sufficient activity to carry out 14 reproducible assays for EP.