[Hmim]PF6 enhanced the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil with the QuEChERS method

Abstract To detect, identify, and quantify the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released into the environment, the PAHs need to be isolated from the soil matrix. In this work, a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method with ionic liquid was combined with liquid chromatography to identify 16 selected PAHs in soil. Ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Hmim]PF 6 ) was applied as an extractant component to enhance the process. The [Hmim]PF 6 content in acetonitrile (ACN) was optimized. The [Hmim]PF 6 modified QuEChERS method has the advantages defined by its name and a similar recovery to other extraction methods reported in the literature. Adding [Hmim]PF 6 may eliminate the co-extract proportion and achieve a more effective extraction. Compared with ACN alone, the matrix effect (ME) of ACN containing 5% [Hmim]PF 6 was reduced by approximately 35%. Additionally, the ME of using ACN containing [Hmim]PF 6 without a clean-up procedure was similar to that of using ACN followed by a clean-up procedure. The recoveries of the QuEChERS method implemented with [Hmim]PF 6 ranged from 75.19% to 100.98%. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.86 to 4.51 µg/kg and from 2.87 to 15.13 µg/kg, respectively.