Quantification of plant morphology and leaf thicknesswith optical coherence tomography
2020
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a valuable imaging tool
for in vivo and label-free digital plant phenotyping. However, for imaging
leaves, air-filled cavities limit the penetration depth and reduce the
image quality. Moreover, up to now quantification of leaf morphology with
OCT has been done in one-dimensional or two-dimensional images only, and
has often been limited to relative measurements. In this paper, we
demonstrate a significant increase in OCT imaging depth and image quality
by infiltrating the leaf air spaces with water. In the obtained
high-quality OCT images the top and bottom surface of the leaf are
digitally segmented. Moreover, high-quality en face images of the leaf are
obtained from numerically flattened leaves. Segmentation in
three-dimensional OCT images is used to quantify the spatially resolved
leaf thickness. Based on a segmented leaf image, the refractive index of
an infiltrated leaf is measured to be 1.345±0.004, deviating only 1.2%
from that of pure water. Using the refractive index and a correction for
refraction effects at the air-leaf interface, we quantitatively mapped the
leaf thickness. The results show that OCT is an efficient and promising
technique for quantitative phenotyping on leaf and tissue
level.
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