Failure analysis in ITO-free all-solution processed organic solar cells

In this paper we discuss a problem-solving methodology and present guidance for troubleshooting defects in ITO-free all-solution processed organic solar cells with an inverted cell architecture. A systematic approach for identifying the main causes of failures in devices is presented. Comprehensive analysis of the identified failure mechanisms allowed us to propose practical solutions for further avoiding and eliminating failures in all-solution processed organic solar cells. Implementation of the proposed solutions has significantly improved the yield and quality of all-solution processed organic solar cells.