Electromagnetic modeling of objective lenses in combination with integrated lens antennas

In this paper the electromagnetic modeling of an integrated (eye) lens antenna with an additional objective lens is decribed. Two different field calculation methods, Geometrical/Physical Optics (GO-PO) and Physical/Physical Optics (PO-P0), are compared for various diameter over wavelength ratios of the integrated lens antenna. The main difference between both methods is that in case of POPO, the entire eye-lens contributes to the PO currents at a point on the outer objective lens surface, while only one GO ray contributes in case of the GOPO method. The comparisons show that the GO-P0 method can be used as a good first-order approximation. However, if a more accurate prediction of the beam pattern is required, then the PO-P0 method should be applied.