Observation of Cross-Flow Instability Mode over a Yawed Cylinder at Mach 2

Q∞ = velocity in the freestream direction U∞ = velocity in the chordwise direction perpendicular to the leading edge V∞ = velocity in the spanwise direction parallel to the leading edge x = distance in the local external flow direction y = distance in the normal-to-wall direction z = distance in the direction perpendicular to both x and y α = real part of complex wave number in x direction β = real part of complex wave number in z direction λ = wavelength in the wave-number vector direction λS = wavelength in the spanwise direction ν = kinematic viscosity φ = angle measured from the leading edge in the chordwise direction, deg χ = wave-number vector angle measured from local external streamline ψ = angle of external streamline deviation from the chordwise direction