Planning instruments in Italy and the UK: private and public spaces for emergency events in urban areas

The paper describes the main regulatory and planning instruments for urban areas operating in Italy and the UK. The relationships between private and public spaces followed different approaches in the two countries. Italy followed a topdown process by the introduction of standards at national and regional levels. UK followed a bottom-up approach, where the national level provides a framework within which local communities can produce their own local plans. The preliminary study presented in this paper makes a comparison of Italian