Application of combined extraction and microextraction techniques for food waste

Abstract This chapter discusses in detail the potential of several combined extraction and microextraction techniques for pretreating food waste. The discussion is focused on the combination of well-established methodologies such as ultrasound/microwave-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted acid digestion used for target extraction with preconcentration techniques such as those involving solid-based extraction/microextraction and solvent-based extraction/microextraction. The combined procedures allow target preconcentration, matrix (interferences) removal, and target transfer to a medium compatible with the selected instrumental analytical technique. Most of the combined microextraction procedures are consistent with the basic requirements of “green chemistry,” which is an important issue in modern analytical chemistry. Accomplishments, limitations, and future directions, mainly automation possibilities and new selective nano-structured materials, for food waste analyses are addressed.