A1 Grosse S, Tremeau-Bravard A, Aron Y, Briand P, Fajac I. Intracellular rate-limiting steps of gene transfer using glycosylated polylysines in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.

A throttle-valve apparatus involves a throttle valve (D) mounted on a shaft (W) which is coupled to a cable line (S) for rotating the shaft. The apparatus includes a first engaging detent, or stop, mechanism, (A1) having a movable engagement point between the cable line and the shaft, a first coupling apparatus (K1) between the cable line and the shaft, and a positioning motor (M) which creates a throttle-valve apparatus whose operation, in a particular uncomplicated and cost effective manner, increases safety and dependability during operation of a motor vehicle. When the positioning motor is driven to drive the throttle valve it is relieved from overcoming a return force of a spring by the first coupling apparatus which includes a first coupling having a changeable or cancellable driving linkage whereby a driving engagement of the linkage is greatest in an immediate area of the movable engagement point of the detent mechanism.