OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINES FOR FERTILIZER ACCORDING BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CROPS PARAMETERS

The conducted studies are experimental and theoretical study of optimum dis-position of the working bodies with the improvement of their design for example, experienced a combined soil-cultivating-fertilizing unit «Pegasus» (firm «Аmazone-Werke», Germany, Samara) for intersoil, volume (bunk) application of mineral fertilizers. If you bunk the location of the working bodies in the transverse plane, the first row is equipped Lancet working bodies, second row - Ripper paws with manureproviding system that surround the application of mineral fertilizers in two tiers of 120-150 mm and 270-300 mm without a significant increase in traction resistance unlike bunk accommodation only Lancet paws. The results of modernization combined aggregate «Pegasus» within the parameters of the zone of maximum position of the roots of agricultural crops (40-90 cm) in accordance with the biology of their development provide optimal conditions for effective growth and maximum yield. Three cases of destruction of the soil working bodies with the formation of the deformed zone was investigated - zone placement of mineral fertilizers. Specially developed technique for qualitative assessment of the placement of mineral fertilizers and replacing them with white plastic balls allows you to control the process of optimization of parameters of working bodies. Conducted research as directed on modernization of existing and creation of the new combined tillage-fertilizer units with maximum efficiency for the development of crops and increase the yield because the recommendations are based on the placement of workers to work in the area of the root system of plants in their seasonal vegetation starting from germination receiving additional power from the fertilizer of the first tier, until the final vegetation is of a crop formation with the additional power of the root system from the fertilizer of the second tier. From subsurface fertilizer application, the yield of sunflower (seeds) increased by 16%, maize (green mass) - up to 10%. Bunk bulk fertilizer additionally increases crop yields by 10-20%.