Chemical Substances in Urine Promoting or Preventing Renal Stone

In some patients with renal stone there are easily recognizable predisposing factors, some of which have already been referred to (primary hyperparathyroidism, hydronephrosis, a ‘communicating’ cyst of the kidney). Not all patients in whom such predisposing causes are present do, in fact, develop renal calculi; and conversely many patients without such an obvious predisposing factor do develop calcium-containing calculi.