Cycle Completion Times Probe Interactions with Environment
2020
Recent measurements of the durations
of nonequilibrium processes
provide valuable information on microscopic mechanisms and energetics.
Theory for corresponding experiments to date is well-developed for
single-particle systems only. Little is known for interacting systems
in nonequilibrium environments. Here we introduce and study a basic
model for cycle processes interacting with an environment that can
exhibit a net particle flow. We find a surprising richness of cycle
time variations with environmental conditions. This manifests itself
in unequal cycle times τ+ and τ– in forward and backward cycle directions with both asymmetries τ– τ+, speeding up of backward cycles by interactions,
and dynamical phase transitions, where cycle times become multimodal
functions of the bias. The model allows us to relate these effects
to specific microscopic mechanisms, which can be helpful for interpreting
experiments.
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