Significance of thresholds in integrated metods of weeding regulation in cereals

Based on the long-term research on weed competitions of in cereals, the biological and economic thresholds for weeds were shown, depending on: weed species and their competitiveness, fertilization, seeding rate of crop, level of crop yielding and competition capacity of cultivars crop. The competitiveness of weeds to cereals was differentiated and depended on their species composition. Among the investigated weeds species the most competitive was Cirsium arvense, followed by Centaurea cyanus, Galium aparine, Anthemis arvensis, Avena fatua and Apera spica-venti. The results from these investigations may support the decisions support in the integrated system for weeding regulation in cereals.