ЭКСТРАГИРОВАНИЕ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФЕНОЛА В ПОЧВЕ МЕТОДОМ ГАЗОВОЙ ХРОМАТОГРАФИИ

Existing techniques for the phenol extraction from the soil differ in the nature of the extractant mixture and in the mode of carrying out this procedure. The recommendations on the conditions for the phenol extraction are contradictory. The known techniques imply the extraction of the phenol with organic solvents, aqueous/organic, or aqueous solutions. The use of microwave or ultrasonic fields are recommended to ensure the complete extraction. However, the possibility of attaining maximum extraction of phenol without the destruction of the organic matrix of the soil has not been discussed. We have demonstrated that during phenol extraction with acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions the humic substances of the soil are destroyed. Humic substances destruction produces phenol, and thus distorts the results of the quantitative chemical analysis. The use of water/ethanol mixtures for the phenol extraction from the soil were proposed. These mixtures do not exert a harsh effect on the organic matter of the soil, while moisturizing the soil and dissolving the phenol well. The optimum conditions for the phenol extraction from the soil were established. They occurred during the extraction with a water/ethanol mixture ( с (C 2 H 5 OH) = 50 % vol.) under the mechanical stirring for two hours. To increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the determination of phenol in the extract, the preliminary bromination to obtain Phenol bromoderivative (2,4,6-tribromophenol) was used with the subsequent gas chromatographic analysis with a halogen-selective electron-capture detector. A procedure was developed for the phenol determination in the soil of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg, the relative error of measurement in this range did not exceed 35%. Keywords: phenol, soil, extraction, chemical modification, gas chromatography (Russian)  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.1.006 I.V. Gruzdev 1 , O.M. Zueva 1 , E.S. Titova 1 , V.V. Staliugin 2 , B.M. Kondratenok 1 1 Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB Komi SC UB RAS), Kommunisticheskaya st., 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation 2 Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Petrozavodskaia st., 12, Syktyvkar, 167005, Russian Federation