Governing plant development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): relation to protein composition and breakdown rates of protein polymers during malting

BACKGROUND This study aimed at investigating opportunities to manipulate development rhythms of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and to relate such rhythms to protein concentration, composition and breakdown during malting. The spring malting barley cultivar Tipple was grown in daylight chambers at various sowing dates, nitrogen application timings and temperature levels to govern the development rhythms. RESULTS Extensive options were shown to be available for manipulating the plant development rhythm of spring malting barley. Individually, sowing times, N application timings and temperature levels were negatively correlated with the development time. The combination of early sowing and 100% N application at sowing/low temperature during the grain maturation period (GMP) resulted in a long development time before and after anthesis. The combination of late sowing and 50% N at sowing/high temperature during GMP led to short development time before and after anthesis. The highest protein concentration and lowest percentage of sodium dodecyl sulfate-unextractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins were found to be associated with short development time. Extensive degradation of proteins during malting was the result of short development time as compared to long development time. CONCLUSION The development rhythm of barley affects protein concentration, composition and breakdown and might thus not only influence the end-use quality of barley but also the next generation of plants. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry