Development of an esterase fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide-benzothiazole conjugation and its applications for qualitative detection of esterase in orlistat-treated biosamples

Abstract Esterase is a large hydrolysis family, and widely distributed in many kinds of cells. It is responsible for multiple physiological and pathological functions including metabolism, gene expression. While abnormality of esterase is associated with many pathological activities in obesity, Wolman's disease, and cancer. Thereby, it is essential to design an effective tool for esterase in situ detection in biological systems. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe Y-1 for monitoring esterase in living cells was rationally designed. Probe Y-1 was synthesized by the conjugation between an acetylation of 4-hydroxy naphthalimide and benzothiazole group. Benzothiazole moiety is a typical Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) controller. Acetate group was selected as the responsive site and ESIPT initiator. As the acetate group could block the ESIPT effect, the probe emits no fluorescence under the excitation of 455 nm. When binding with esterase, Y-1 shows distinct fluorescence with the peak at 560 nm with short time when ESIPT is on. Y-1 displays high sensitivity (LOD is 0.216 x 10-3 U/mL), fast response (within 5 min), high selectivity and photostability towards esterase. Furthermore, the %RSD (relative standard deviation) of within-day and day-to-day precision was no more than 13.0% and the accuracy ranged from -6.5 to -12.3%. Kinetics performance of Y-1 indicates that esterase has high affinity and hydrolysis to Y-1. For biological applications, our probe is a time-dependent visualizing esterase in living HepG2 and CoLo205 cells within 15 min. After the treatment of orlistat (1 and 5 μM) for inhibiting the activity of esterase, the bright fluorescence has also been detected using our probe. Furthermore, it has been successful in monitoring the esterase in zebrafish, the data were consistent with cellular phenomena. Therefore, all these findings indicate that the robust probe Y-1 is a useful qualitative tool for detecting esterase in biological systems.