Spectroscopic and laser characterization of Yb,Tm:KLu(WO4)2 crystal

Abstract We report on a comprehensive spectroscopic and laser characterization of monoclinic Yb,Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystals. Stimulated-emission cross-section spectra corresponding to the 3 F 4  →  3 H 6 transition of Tm 3+ ions are determined. The radiative lifetime of the 3 F 4 state of Tm 3+ ions is 0.82 ms. The maximum Yb 3+  → Tm 3+ energy transfer efficiency is 83.9% for 5 at.% Yb – 8 at.% Tm doping. The fractional heat loading for Yb,Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 is 0.45 ± 0.05. Using a hemispherical cavity and 5 at.% Yb – 6 at.% Tm doped crystal, a maximum CW power of 227 mW is achieved at 1.983–2.011 μm with a maximum slope efficiency η  = 14%. In the microchip laser set-up, the highest slope efficiency is 20% for a 5 at.% Yb– 8 at.% Tm doped crystal with a maximum output power of 201 mW at 1.99–2.007 μm. Operation of Yb,Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 as a vibronic laser emitting at 2.081–2.093 μm is also demonstrated.