Obligatory role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the heart's antioxidant adaptation with exercise

Abstract Excessive oxidative stress in the heart results in contractile dysfunction. While antioxidant therapies have been a disappointment clinically, exercise has shown beneficial results, in part by reducing oxidative stress. We have previously shown that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is essential for cardioprotective adaptations caused by exercise. We hypothesize that part of the cardioprotective role of nNOS is via the augmentation of the antioxidant defense with exercise by positively shifting the nitroso–redox balance. Our results show that nNOS is indispensable for the augmented anti-oxidant defense with exercise. Furthermore, exercise training of nNOS knockout mice resulted in a negative shift in the nitroso–redox balance resulting in contractile dysfunction. Remarkably, overexpressing nNOS (conditional cardiac-specific nNOS overexpression) was able to mimic exercise by increasing VO 2max . This study demonstrates that exercise results in a positive shift in the nitroso–redox balance that is nNOS-dependent. Thus, targeting nNOS signaling may mimic the beneficial effects of exercise by combating oxidative stress and may be a viable treatment strategy for heart disease.