AS CAUSAS, PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTOS DO CÂNCER NO COLO DO ÚTERO: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Cervical cancer has a high incidence rate in women, being the second most common type of cancer, considered a cancer that causes death when untreated and in an advanced stage. The objective of this work is through an exploratory and qualitative study to analyze cervical cancer, describing its causes, prevention and treatments. Literature review study with consultation in online databases: Academic Google, Scielo and PubMed with the keywords: cervical cancer, HPV, gynecological cancer and neoplasm in the month of August 2021. The inclusion criteria were articles fully available in the databases from 2000 to 2021. The analysis included 12 articles published between 2000 and 2021. The etiology of this type of cancer is associated with infection by the sexually transmitted papillomavirus virus and with the involvement of several factors that influence its development, such as genetics and smoking. Currently, the focus of public measures has been on prevention through the HPV vaccine indicated for women, with the vaccination campaign targeting mainly adolescents, which has shown a high rate of success. Diagnosis is often complex, requiring several tests for its identification and the main method is oncotic cytology, popularly known as Pap smear. It is concluded that cervical cancer is one of the causes of the greatest number of deaths in Brazil, being mostly caused by the HIV virus, however it is influenced by factors such as tobacco.