Necesidades de formación detectadas por enfermeras de una unidad de cuidados intensivos: un estudio fenomenológico

espanolIntroduccion Las competencias que abordan en su entorno laboral las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos (UCI), han aumentado con la adquisicion de nuevas responsabilidades asociadas a cuidados y dispositivos a realizar al paciente critico. Multiples estudios avalan la necesidad de la especializacion de las enfermeras que trabajan en este tipo de unidades. Apoyado en estas evidencias, la European Federation of Critical Care Nurse, recomienda unificar la formacion de las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos. Por tanto, nos planteamos el siguiente objetivo: valorar las necesidades formativas que detectan las enfermeras de UCI a traves de sus vivencias y experiencias profesionales. Metodo Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con enfoque fenomenologico, a traves de una entrevista semiestructurada donde se estudiaron los 4 ambitos que la European Federation of Critical Care Nurse recoge (clinico, profesional, gestion y educativo). Se entrevistaron a 15 enfermeras de una UCI polivalente. Resultados Los entrevistados reconocen que la formacion previa era deficiente para los cuidados y medidas de soporte que tuvieron que afrontar. Consideran que la formacion posterior y la experiencia fueron determinantes para poder desarrollar efectivamente su labor profesional. Ademas afirman que las medidas de soporte y los cuidados son temas a desarrollar continuamente mediante una formacion dirigida. Conclusion Las enfermeras reconocen que debe existir una formacion destinada a cumplir las competencias que las UCI requieren, y que estas se ven afectadas por el tipo de unidad y el tipo de pacientes atendidos. EnglishIntroduction The competences of intensive care (ICU) nurses in their healthcare environment, have increased with the acquisition of new responsibilities associated with new care and devices for critical patients. Many studies suggest the need for specific training of nurses that work in these units. Based on this evidence, the European Federation of Critical Care Nurses Associations, recommends unifying the training of intensive care nurses. Therefore we set ourselves the following objective: to assess the training needs detected by ICU nurses through their experience and practical knowledge. Method Descriptive qualitative study, with a phenomenological approach, through semi-structured interview where the four areas (clinical practice, professional, management and educational) covered by the European Federation of Critical Care Nurses Associations were studied. Fifteen nurses from an adult polyvalent ICU were interviewed. Results The interviewees acknowledged that the previous training was deficient for the care and support measures that they had to face. They considered that subsequent training and experience were decisive in order to carry out their work effectively. They also stated that support measures and care are topics to be developed continuously through targeted training. Conclusion The nurses in this research study acknowledged that training is needed to achieve the competences required in ICU, and these are affected by the type of unit and patients