Clostridium perfringens α-toxin induces rabbit neutrophil adhesion

Clostridium perfringens α-toxin, which is one of the main agents involved in the development of gas gangrene, stimulates \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) production in neutrophils. Exposure of rabbit neutrophils to the α-toxin induced firm adhesion of the cells to fibrinogen and fibronectin. Incubation of rabbit neutrophils and neutrophil lysates with α-toxin led to the production of diacylglycerol (DG) and L-α-phosphatidic acid (PA), respectively. The toxin-induced DG and PA formation preceded the toxin-induced adhesion of the neutrophils to fibrinogen and fibronectin, and the production of \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) . Pertussis toxin inhibited the α-toxin-induced formation of PA, the adhesion of the neutrophils to fibrinogen and \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) production. GTPγS stimulated the events induced by the α-toxin, whereas GDPβS inhibited them. The α-toxin stimulated phosphorylation of a protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. In addition, treatment of the cells with 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) stimulated cell adhesion, production of \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) and phosphorylation of the 40 kDa protein, but had no effect on the formation of PA. The events induced by the presence of OAG and PDBu were not inhibited by pertussis toxin. Protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7, staurosporine and chelerythrine, blocked α-toxin-induced adhesion, production of \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) and phosphorylation of the 40 kDa protein. These observations suggested that α-toxin-stimulated adhesion to the matrix and \(O_{2}^{{-}}\) production were due to the formation of DG, through activation of phospholipid metabolism by a pertussis-toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein, followed by activation of protein kinase C by DG.