Difficult Airway Management of Neonates, Infants, and Children with Syndromes Involving the Airway

Children with difficult airways are particularly vulnerable. Recognition of a potential difficult airway and preparation are the key to caring for them successfully. A simple checklist and teamwork can help optimize care. Introduce all team members, and review the induction and intubation plan with the entire team, including identifying the clinician making each intubation attempt. Identify an individual who is available to assist before beginning airway management. The following principles should guide the care of these patients: 1. Limit the number of tracheal intubation attempts. 2. Know your equipment. Be prepared. 3. Always attempt to oxygenate during intubation. 4. Ensure an adequate depth of anesthesia before instrumenting the airway. 5. Be wary of cognitive biases that may delay action.