Latest Permian and Triassic carbonates of Russia: new palaeontological findings, stable isotopes, Ca-Mg ratio, and correlation

The seven recently discovered events, respectively occurring at (1) early Dorashamian, (2) middle Olenekian, (3) early Anisian, (4) latest Ladinian-?earliest Carnian, (5) late Carnian, (6) early Norian and (7) early Rhaetian intervals, are characterised by anomalously high value of δ 13 C (2.5–6.9‰) and a more or less considerable decline in Ca-Mg ratio in organogenic carbonates of the Tethyan Realm The geochemical variations appear explaiable by high bioproductivity of marine basins during periods of transgressions and warm climate. The highest δ 13 C values identified in Triassic limestones of the Malaya Laba (6.9‰) and Sakhrai (4.2‰) River basins in North Caucasus and Primorye region (4.9‰) fall at the middle Olenekian Tirolites-Amphistephanites Zone and its equivalents. Oxygen isotope analyses of well preserved brachiopod shells from the Nikitinskaya and Urushtenskaya Suites show that shallow-water temperatures in North Caucasus fluctuated during Early Dorashamian time about 24°C, which is in agreement with our previous data from the Dorashamian Paratirolites kittli Zone in Transcaucasia (around 22–24°C). Similar temperatures appear to have occured in the Tethys at least during the middle Olenekian time.