Three-level phase modulator based on orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals

Surface-stabilized orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals (OAFLCs) have a director tilt of θ=45° and are, with no field applied, negatively uniaxial with the optic axis perpendicular to the cell substrates. We demonstrate that OAFLCs can be utilized to achieve lossless phase modulation with three almost equidistant phase levels. This turns out to be true also for polymer-stabilized OAFLCs, where the polymer network increases the switching speed of the device without affecting the phase modulation appreciably.