THE ROLE OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES IN THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITIES

Therole, location and classification of pedestrian bridges that influence the formation and perception of architectural and spatialenvironment of citiesare determined. The history of thecreation of pedestrian bridge salong water and landscape obstacles is described, the functional influence off lows on the formation of pedestrian bridges is investigated. Pedestrian bridges are a separate type of structure intended only for pedestrian traffic, which determines their planning and design features. They are used to create pedestrian levels, separated from all of her types of traffic, at intersections with natural obstacles, roads, railwaysand streets. Pedestrian bridges also serve as decorative structures in city parks, exhibitions, etc. A pedestrian bridge over a river is built when there is no urban bridge in the immediate vicinity, and pedestrian traffic is rather in tense. Another important difference between pedestrian bridges and road or rail bridges is the psychology of perception. Large bridges are perceived only indirectly, passing on them by car, or looking from the side, at a considerable distance. Pedestrian bridges are perceived directly, in the movement of a pedestrian. Therefore, pedestrian bridges must have a scale commensurate with human scale. Separation of polyfunctional pedestrian bridges by spheres of in fluence on architectural and spatialen vironment is proposed. This article considers the projects of multifunctional bridges with the selection of such types of bridges as: street bridge, boulevard bridge, bridge building, bridge area, city bridge, attraction bridge. Then the article gives examples of projects and implemented solutions of multifunctional bridges.