Expression and role of PDGF-BB and PDGFR-beta during testis morphogenesis in the mouse embryo

The role played by PDGF in testis morphogenesis is still incompletely understood. The present study investigates the expression and potential role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and its receptor, PDGF receptor β (PDGFR-β), during mouse testis cord formation, and the possibility that the growth factor may be involved in the migration to the gonad of mesenchymal cells of mesonephric origin. Studies from this laboratory have previously shown that mesenchymal cells that migrate from the mesonephros into the gonad, to form peritubular myoid cells and most of the intertubular cells, can be identified by the presence on their surface of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and can be isolated to near-purity by immunomagnetic selection with anti-p75NTR antibody. We show here that mesonephric p75NTR(+) cells also bear the PDGFR-β, and are able to migrate and proliferate in vitro in response to PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB is expressed at higher levels in male than female developing gonads, suggesting a role for this factor in testis development. Such a role is further supported by the observation that addition of PDGF-BB to serum-free medium is sufficient to allow organ-cultured male 11.5 days post-coitum urogenital ridges to form testis cords. Finally, we show that mesonephric cell motility and growth induced by exposure to PDGF-BB involve mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K) pathways, as MAPK inhibitor U0126 and PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 inhibit migration and proliferation in vitro assays. The present findings support the hypothesis that the PDGF/PDGFR system plays a key role in testis morphogenesis in the mouse embryo.