Stability analysis and adaptability of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)across environments in Himachal Pradesh

Thirty maize hybrids were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications to study genotype x environment (G x E) interactions and stability for yield and related traits across six locations (400-1290 m a. m. s. l.) in Himachal Pradesh. Combined analysis of variance across locations showed highly significant differences among locations, genotypes and their interactions for all the traits studied. Significant G x E interactions for all the traits depicted that these traits were important determinants of G x E for yield in specific area. Among six locations, Hi Shell (91.44 q/ha) ranked first followed by DKC 7074 (91.25 q/ha), 900 M Gold (89.74 q/ha) and VMH 4102 (89.38 q/ha). Hybrid Hi Shell was highest yielding followed by hybrid DKC 7074, while lowest yield was observed for hybrid VMH 4106. For phenological traits, plant height and grain yield, almost all hybrids exhibited significant deviation mean square (S2di) indicating that it was difficult to predict the performance of hybrids on the basis of these traits. For cob placement height and 100-seed weight deviation mean square was non-significant, hence, stability in performance was evident for majority of hybrids with respect to these traits. The hybrids exhibited specific adaptability across the state. Some hybrids had relatively good performance in one location, whereas others showed good performance indicating the possibility to develop specific hybrids for specific location.