Early efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

Abstract The rapidity and efficacy of a short course of liposomal amphotericin B was evaluated in 29 children affected by visceral leishmaniasis ( Leishmania infantum ). Their overall health status was assessed using the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index ( pini ), and their haematological status by the reticulocyte count and haemoglobin blood levels. All these quantities were measured on day 0, and 3 and 10 d after starting therapy. A significant decrease of inflammatory signs, associated with an improved reticulocyte count, was recorded after 3 d of therapy. A significant increase of haemoglobin levels was also observed 10 d after the start of treatment. The early reduction of inflammatory signs and the improvement of bone marrow function in most patients confirmed the validity of amphotericin B therapy. The pini score is helpful in assessing the severity of visceral leishmaniasis and the follow-up of its treatment.