Эксайтотоксичность и экспериментальные подходы к нейропротекции

This review covers experimental studies on the induction and development of neurodegenerative processes during excitotoxicity, arising when glutamatergic system of brain becomes hyperactive. Excitotoxicity is a common and an essential component of a number of pathological conditions such as ischemia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington´s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It was discusses methods and approaches to the prevention and/or deprivation of neurodegenerative processes in brain. Protective efficacy of metabotropic glutamate receptors ligands, certain pharmacological agents, and enriched environment, and diet is discussed. It was concluded that systemic influences on brain is necessary (including the combination of several molecular targets) for the termination of cell death and successful functional recovery of the brain after excitotoxic injury.