Some phenomena regarding the superficial layer in case of the electron beam process

The electron beam that melts the workpiece surfaces, acts as concentrated energy tool. Starting from this consideration, we have analyzed some hypotheses regarding the energy flux distribution at the electron beam impact zone with the workpiece surfaces. Some hypotheses about the energy flux distribution on the workpiece surfaces are presented in this paper. It is well known that in the welding processes, a melting zone called welding bath appears in the workpiece material. The thermal flux density has different expressions for the heating process, the melting process and for the phase transformation process depending on the type of the energy source. At low voltages, the electron beam represents a superficial thermal source; the increase of the voltage will determine also the growth of the penetration depth, therefore the electron beam becomes a thermal volume source.