Novel annular oligomeric carbazole derivative and preparation method and application thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and relates to an annular oligomeric carbazole derivative and a preparation method and an application thereof. A structural formula of the annular oligomeric carbazole derivative is as follows, wherein all variables are shown in the description and claims. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a plurality of novel oligomeric macrocycles can be prepared by only one-step reaction. According to the annular oligomeric carbazole derivative, oligomeric carbazole has good optical performance and can be detected by an ultraviolet instrument and a luminoscope. According to the annular oligomeric carbazole derivative, a synthetic oligomeric carbazole structure contains rich Pi-electrons which can form a host-guest compound based on positive ions-Pi weak interaction together with cationic quaternary ammonium of positive charges.