Modeling multilayered wire strands, a strategy based on 3D finite element beam-to-beam contacts - Part I: Model formulation and validation

Abstract This paper proposes a FE modeling strategy for multilayered strands subjected to multiaxial loads. The approach takes advantage of beam elements and incorporates 3D inter-wire contacts. While reducing mesh sizes, it handles any strand configuration. Comparisons with experimental results validate its precision. The analysis shows that friction forces control the hysteresis and the bending stiffness. The paper develops a multi-level friction coefficient better representing the stick and slip zones, and to account for indentation, the model incorporates a friction orthogonality concept; the axial direction is controlled by adhesion, while the orthogonal direction is associated with adhesion and deformation contributions.