Colorimetric enzymatic determination of glucose based on etching of gold nanorods by iodine and using carbon quantum dots as peroxidase mimics

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with peroxidase-mimicking activity were successfully prepared from litchi rind. A colorimetric method for glucose determination was developed based on etching of gold nanorods (GNRs) using CQDs as peroxidase mimetic. The glucose oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of glucose leads to the generation of H2O2 which oxidizes added iodide under formation of elemental iodine under the catalytic action of CQDs. Iodine then etches the GNRs along the longitudinal direction due to the higher reaction activities at the tips of GNRs. This results in a stepwise decrease in the maximum absorption wavelength of the GNRs, from initially 953 nm to finally 645 nm. Under the optimized conditions, the shift in the maximum absorption wavelength decreases linearly in the 0.01–2.0 mM glucose concentration range, and the detection limit is 3.0 μM. Importantly, this method was applied to the determination of glucose in human serum. It is perceived that the CQDs are valuable peroxidase mimics due to their ease of preparation, low costs and stable catalytic activity.