Biopharmaceutical applications of protein characterisation by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Abstract Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy is a valuable tool for examining the structures of proteins. It can provide information on protein secondary, tertiary, and higher order structure (HOS), the last of which is particularly important for characterizing proteins for biopharmaceutical applications. This chapter describes the basic principles underlying CD spectroscopy, good practice methods for measuring and interpreting CD data, and tools and resources for processing, comparing, analyzing, validating and displaying spectra.