الاستقوا ء بين الطلاب في المدارس: أسبابه وآثاره وحلوله من منظور إسلامي = Bullying among students: its causes, effects and solutions from an Islamic perspective

Bullying is one of the most common forms of violence among students in the learning environment. It is an intentional aggressive behavior situation performed repeatedly by a group or an individual over time against a victim who is unable to easily defend himself. There are three criteria for bullying among students: the first is the intention of aggression, then repeated act, and the imbalance of power against the interest of others. Studies have proven that over 30 % of students among peers have been victims of bullying behaviour, abuse of power and aggressiveness. In order to alleviate these threats to the peaceful coexistence of students, the social experts and decision-makers are more concerned in searching for a cure towards preventing aggressive behaviour among students during the academic period. Therefore, this research aims to put in place an integrated framework to prevent bullying between peers in schools in light of the higher objectives of SharīNah. To achieve this goal, the concept of bullying and the reasons for its spread among students are clarified in this study. The descriptive and analytical approaches are employed to clarify the concept of bullying and its causes. Then the inductive approach is used to suggest effective solutions to it in light of the objectives of Sharīah, especially those related to the preservation of the intellect and life. The research also highlights the negative effects of bullying on the personality of the bully, the victim of bullying, their academic performances and on the school community. Finally, in this paper, the researchers propose realistic solutions and effective prevention approaches to the decision makers, educators and parents in preventing bullying and abuse of power among students in schools and society.