Нейроендокринні аспекти формування депресивного розладу у підлітків

Objective — to study levels of serotonin, melatonin and cortisol in adolescents with depressive and depressive­anxietybehavioral disorders.Materials and methods. Research was conducted on the basis of the PsychiatryDepartment of SI “HCCA NAMN of Ukraine”. Examinations involved 140 patients with depressive disorders and 128 patients with depressive­anxietydisorders. The following investigational methods were used: clinical and psychopathological, pathopsychological, neurohormonal and statistical.Results. It has been established that clinical variants of depression in children in the period of puberty have gender- and age-related differences. The manifestation of the first depressionepisode in early school age, and especially in the prepuberty, is a predictor of depression at subsequent pubertystages. Depressive symptoms in adolescents were associated with internalization and externalization of clinical manifestations. It has been proved that the course of a depressive disorder in children during puberty is launched by the development of a number of neurobiological disorders ­ an increase in the level of cortisol, the dysregulation of neurobiological systems responsible for the development of affective pathology (serotonin, melatonin), somatic and neurologicalweakness.Conclusions. The obtained data suggest the dysregulation of neurohormonal exchange in patients with depressive and depressive­anxiety behavioral disorders. The low excretionlevel of melatoninand rhythm violations in its production can result in the desynchronosis and maladjustment of a child. The nature of changes depends on the nosology and has gender specificities. It has been established that regardless of the nosological form of a depressive disorder, mental disorders in the most of adolescentsare accompanied by the increased serotonin levels, and in the group of patients with depressive disorder of behavior with the reduced melatoninexcretion as well.