Avoiding the Pitfalls of Object-Relational Mapping

This chapter briefly introduces NORM (No-ORM) - a methodology of application development that avoids many of pitfals of widely accepted development patterns. Within NORM, the interactions between application code and the database are restricted by a contract that limits the number of interactions and ensures high performance. To address the consequences of impedance mismatch, an additional model, called transfer model, is mapped to both the database model and the application model, providing means for interactions in terms of high-level complex data objects.