Improving the coherence of a low-energy electron beam by modulation

In a standard low-energy electron generator the beam is formed by particles traveling close to the axis of symmetry. However some electron trajectories are unstable and strongly dependent on the initial conditions. Numerical ray tracing shows that ultimate beam coherence is limited by these trajectories that pass far from the symmetry axis. This contribution can be partly eliminated by modulating the initial conditions and selecting the modulated response. This is exemplified with a low-energy electron beam used for electron diffraction, where the beam current modulation produces a modulated diffraction pattern that displays noteworthy improvement (sevenfold) in wave vector resolution.