Automatic compensation device and method for eliminating cutting chatter of numerical control machine tool

The invention discloses an automatic compensation device for eliminating cutting chatter of a numerical control machine tool. The automatic compensation device is arranged at the position of a tool rest of the numerical control machine tool and comprises a base. The base is provided with a tool connector used for installing a tool used for cutting a workpiece. A force sensor is arranged on the inner side of the part, at the position of the tool connector, of the base and used for measuring the cutting chatter force. The force sensor is connected with a linear drive device through an elastic pre-tightening device and a flexible hinge, and the elastic pre-tightening device is used for pre-tightening and removing a gap. The flexible hinge is used for amplifying drive force output by the linear drive device. After the drive force of the linear drive device is subjected to drive force amplification through the flexible hinge, the drive force drives the tool connected with the elastic pre-tightening device to linearly reciprocate. A vibration displacement sensor is further arranged on the inner side of the part, at the rear end of the linear drive device, of the base and used for detecting the vibration displacement of the tool rest.