A Ga-Sn Liquid Metal Mediated Structural Cathode for Li-O2 Batteries

ABSTRACT One of the recent challenges in Li-O2 battery technology is the cycle life, which can be severely shortened by cathode passivation induced by discharge product accumulation; this can be eliminated by reducing the amount of discharge products. Herein, we report a feasibility study on the development of a Ga-Sn liquid metal (LM) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) cathode. In a comparison of MWNT, LM, m-LM/MWNT (pre-mixed LM and MWNTs), and LM/MWNT (LM modified MWNTs) cathodes, morphology analysis showed that small Li2O2 flakes rather than large crystals grown on the conductive Ga-Sn LM and MWNTs of the LM/MWNT cathode only. The decomposition of the flaky Li2O2 on the LM/MWNT cathode occurred at lower charge overpotentials, resulting in low polarization; thus, the cathode passivation and the consumption of the Li anode were both alleviated during the cyclic process. The LM/MWNT cathode significantly improved the cycle life, rate performance and ultimate capacity of Li-O2 batteries.