Hip, knee and ankle kinematics improve after total knee replacement but do not return to normal

Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is performed to reduce pain and improve the function of the lower limb. Most of the current literature focuses on knee kinematics pre and post-TKR, compared to healthy controls. However, there is limited research exploring hip and ankle kinematics before and after TKR and comparing them to non-pathological subjects (NP). This study aims to explore the differences in hip, knee and ankle kinematics in the sagittal and frontal planes pre to post-TKR and to investigate whether the lower limb joints’ kinematics post-TKR normalise and compare to NP. This knowledge would help to understand to which extent TKR helps to improve the whole lower limb function.