Analysis of Time Effects in Steel and Concrete Composite Beams Considering Relative Slippage

The effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete is non-ignorable to strength of steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load, and the relative slippage should be considered for internal force. Time-dependent modulus method is presented, formulas of the stress and strain at any time are deduced considering creep, shrinkage and the relative slippage. The variational stress is analysed of the steel and concrete composite beams under sustained load.