Advances in the study of the mechanisms of action of antibacterial peptides and strategies to transform them

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are key components of the innate immune system that constitute a diverse class of naturally occurring antimicrobial molecules.AMPs have been found to exhibit a broad range of activities against microorganisms,including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,fungi,mycoplasma,and viruses.Some antibacterial peptides also have antitumor activity.This review focuses on the classification of antibacterial peptides,their mechanisms of action,strategies for their transformation,and existing problems with their use.