Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography

The quantitative penetration of three coldset wood adhesives [one-component polyurethane (PU), emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI), poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc)] under hydraulic pressure into different types of modified wood was studied using fluorescence microscopy and the results were compared to these of a previous study without pressure on adjacent wood samples. The effective penetration (EP) of PU was negatively affected by furfurlylation and NMM modification when pressure was applied. For PVAc, 30% NMM treatment and heat treatment of Scots pine and beech at 210 °C had a negative effect on its EP, but against this the EP of this adhesive increased after heat treatment of beech at 195 °C. In the case of furfurylation, the depth of penetration of all adhesives was less into wood treated with higher concentration of furfuryl alcohol. PU showed a much deeper penetration into NMM-modified and heat-treated wood than the other adhesives with the exception of heat-treated beech at 195 °C. Application of pressure led to rather different results as compared to the EP data when no pressure was applied. The three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of the penetration of PU adhesive into heat-treated Scots pine was also examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography (XµCT). The 3D flow pattern of PU adhesive into heat-treated Scots pine was clearly depicted by XµCT.