Сравнительная оценка анатомо-морфологических признаков у хвойных и лиственных пород деревьев в условиях выбросов промзоны г. Кемерово

We investigated the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. and needles of Picea obovata Ledeb. and a comparative analysis in terms of the dominant influence of emissions from the industrial zone Kemerovo city. By long-term air pollution simulation around the Kemerovo city industrial zone is established that the area of increased pollution extends to a distance up to 4 km towards the prevailing wind direction. Near industrial zone of Kemerovo city revealed changes in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the leaf blade Betula pendula Roth. and needles of Picea obovata Ledeb. both negative and adaptive nature. Comparative characteristics showed that the maximum number of anatomical and morphological changes negative nature near emission sources found in Siberian spruce, these include: reducing the length of needles and its surface area, increasing the asymmetry of the Central conductive beam, reducing the thickness of the cuticle and hypodermis, reduction in the number of resin canals. The greatest number of adaptive changes character revealed in silver birch: showed a significant increase in the thickness of columnar and spongy mesophyll, the thickness of the leaf blade, the thickness of the tissues of the upper epidermis, that, apparently, it provides higher resistance to technogenic pollution. Significant correlation of the air pollution complex index with anatomical and morphological characteristics of needles of Picea obovata Ledeb. the lamina Betula pendula Roth was founded. This matter confirms the significant impact of industrial emissions on the anatomical and morphological alterations of the assimilation apparatus woody plants.