Three dimensional high-order gas-kinetic scheme for supersonic isotropic turbulence II: coarse-grained analysis of compressible $K_{sgs}$ budget

The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of compressible isotropic turbulence up to the supersonic regime $Ma_{t} = 1.2$ has been investigated by high-order gas-kinetic scheme (HGKS) [{\it{Computers}} \& {\it{Fluids, 192, 2019}}]. In this study, the coarse-grained analysis of subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent kinetic energy $K_{sgs}$ budget is fully analyzed for constructing one-equation SGS model in the compressible large eddy simulation (LES). The DNS on a much higher turbulent Mach number up to $Ma_{t} = 2.0$ has been obtained by HGKS, which confirms the super robustness of HGKS. Then, the exact compressible SGS turbulent kinetic energy $K_{sgs}$ transport equation is derived with density weighted filtering process. Based on the compressible $K_{sgs}$ transport equation, the coarse-grained processes are implemented on three sets of unresolved grids with the Box filter. The coarse-grained analysis of compressible $K_{sgs}$ budgets shows that all unresolved source terms are dominant terms in current system. Especially, the magnitude of SGS pressure-dilation term is in the order of SGS solenoidal dissipation term within the initial acoustic time scale. Therefore, it can be concluded that the SGS pressure-dilation term cannot be neglected as the previous work. The delicate coarse-grained analysis of SGS diffusion terms in compressible $K_{sgs}$ equation confirms that both the fluctuation velocity triple correlation term and the pressure-velocity correlation term are dominant terms. Current coarse-grained analysis gives an indication of the order of magnitude of all SGS terms in compressible $K_{sgs}$ budget, which provides a solid basis for compressible LES modeling in high Mach number turbulent flow.