Species variation in home garden agroforestry system in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and its contribution to farmers’ income

Home-garden is one of the types of agroforestry which is commonly practiced by rural communities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study aimed to determine the diversity levels of the species constituting the home-gardens and their contribution to the farmers' incomes. The variables used in the study were the widths variation of the land owned as the home-gardens and the socioeconomic backgrounds of the community. The study results indicated that in small land, the community cultivated annual crop plants interspersed with agricultural commodities, and the trees as the boundary, while in the wider land they integrated various species plants within the area. The diversity index of the home-gardens was categorized as moderate with a value of 1.25 to 2.18, while species uniformity index was ranging from moderate to high with values of 0.49 to 0.77. The total incomes from home gardens varied greatly from one community to another, and it was largely determined by the composition and density of the constituent species. The contribution of the home-gardens to the income of the farmers amounted to 43.27%–49.06%. The sustainable management of the home-garden agroforestry can give a significant contribution to the farmers' incomes and the preservation of biodiversity and environment.