Hepatic Insulin-Positive Cells and Major Transcription Factors (PDX1, MAFA, NGN3) in Rat Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2021
Due to a high occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its
complications, insulin-positive cells detected in different organs
are of great interest as they can probably partially compensate
for insulin deficiency in DM. The development of pancreatic β-cells
is regulated by the consecutive expression of transcription factors,
among which Pdx1, MafA and Ngn3 are most extensively explored. Specifically,
these factors have been reported to be able to transdifferentiate
a broad variety of cell types into insulin-positive cells. The goal
of this study was to characterize insulin-positive (insulin+)
cells in the liver and to evaluate the expression of transcription
factors Pdx1, MafA and Ngn3 involved in their differentiation in
an alloxan-induced rat model of type 1 DM (T1DM) and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced
rat model of type 2 DM (T2DM). Experiments were carried out on male
Wistar rats. In experimental animals, plasma levels of glucose,
glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin were determined. The oral glucose
tolerance test was performed and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
was calculated. The expression of Pdx1+, MafA+ and
Ngn3+ was investigated immunohistochemically.
Insulin+, Pdx1+,
MafA+ and Ngn3+ cells
were detected in the liver both of healthy animals and those with
experimental models of T1DM and T2DM. The largest number of insulin+ cells
was found in animals with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced T2DM,
wherein cells were localized throughout the hepatic lobule. In an alloxan-induced
model of T1DM, these cells were detected mainly at the periphery
of the hepatic lobule. The number of Pdx1+,
Mafa+ and Ngn3+ hepatic
cells was different in intact animals vs. those
with experimental DM. A correlation was established between the
number of Ngn3+ cells and insulin+ cells
in alloxan-induced DM, as well as between the number of MafA+ cells
and insulin+ cells in both types of experimental
DM. Thus, in rats with both experimental models of DM, the number
of insulin+, Pdx1+ and
MafA+ cells in the liver increases compared
to intact animals. Localization and the number of insulin+ cells
varies depending on the experimental model of DM. At the same time,
the number of Pdx1+ and MafA+ cells
increases in an alloxan-induced model of T1DM compared to a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced
model of T2DM. There is a correlation between the number of insulin+ and
MafA+ cells both in T1DM and T2DM models and
between the number of insulin+ and Ngn3+ cells
in a T1DM model only.
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